MARCOS VINÍCIUS FERREIRA DA SILVA

Abstract:

This research analyzed the socio-spatial implications arising from the National Program for the Use and Production of Biodiesel (PNPB) and Social Fuel Seal, in order to understand the organization of agricultural cooperatives in the Goiás southwestern geographic microregion, investigating to what extent the program promotes better conditions. socioeconomic aspects of family farming, called in this work as social subjects from and in the countryside. Specifically, it aimed to: identify the context of production of biodiesel-based raw materials by farmers involved with local cooperatives, relating to the global energy scenario; characterize the forms of insertion in the PNPB, examining the condition of permanence of these farmers before the productive processes; understand the relations of autonomy and dependence between the different social actors of the PNPB in shaping the regional space. This study prioritized a general explanation for the regional. Therefore, in the first chapter, we discussed the structure and diversification of the global and Brazilian energy matrix, in the context of conservative energy transition, driven by hegemonic actors and, consequently, in the “perpetuation” of the current system. In this transience, it is evidenced in the world scale the small participation of the social subjects of (and in) the field in the energy sector. Chapter two emphasized the policies for biodiesel in Brazil, without disregarding the previous actions that legitimized biofuels in the Brazilian matrix, explained the development of the PNPB and Social Fuel Seal and the forms of participation in the program, presenting an overview. The last part deepened the analysis for the regional scale in the cooperatives, in order to understand the production of raw material in the southwest of Goiás. Interviews were conducted with the representatives of the cooperatives involved with the PNPB in the region, a positive discourse was evidenced. in relation to the PNPB, seeking to improve income, economically boost farmers and generate transformations in the geographic space of rural subjects. However, at the same time, there are cases where program experience has generated debt. In conclusion, the social, economic, political and energetic conditions of a larger structure are not determinant in the organization of the social actors involved, thus, the transformations of multiscale proportions can influence the (re)production and organization of the rural subjects in their instance. specific space. This situation is observed with the State's response to the global energy problem when positioning itself with future security strategies, which led to the insurgency of the production of alternative sources in small family properties. Consequently, this intervention may lead to subordination (of land rent) or autonomy (economic) to maintain itself in the productive processes. These conditions may occur in isolation or in combination when referring to “biofuel cultivation”.

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