DAIANE FERREIRA BATISTA
AUTHOR: DAIANE FERREIRA BATISTA
TITLE: QUALI-QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER, SOILS AND SEDIMENTS OF RIBEIRÃO SANTO ANTÔNIO - GO WATER BASIN. (ANÁLISE QUALI-QUANTITATIVA DAS ÁGUAS, SOLOS E SEDIMENTOS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO SANTO ANTÔNIO – GO.)
ADVISOR: Prof. Dr. João Batista Pereira Cabral
DEFENSE DATE: 11/12/2018
ABSTRACT:
The environmental quality of a river basin can be diagnosed by assessing the natural elements. The evolution of anthropic activities and the land use model make it possible to modify the structure and natural characteristics of a basin. This research was carried out in the Ribeirão Santo Antônio water basin, located in the Goiás state, a tributary of the Caiapó river and consequently of the Araguaia-Tocantins river. This stream is of significant importance to Iporá city, as it supplies the urban population and contributes to the agropastoral activities of the region. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the quality of the waters, sediments and soils of the Ribeirão Santo Antônio - GO water basin, considering the land use model and the physical characteristics of the basin. The methodological procedures were based on the analysis and temporal evolution of land use, morphometric analysis, water quality, soils and sediments from the CONAMA legislation N. 357/2005, 445/2012 and 420/2009. According to the data evaluated, the land use and occupation of the basin in question presented a significant decline of natural vegetation in the last 40 years, due to its direct relationship with the growing agricultural activity. The relief in more than 50% of the area is classified as flat/gently undulating, favoring the practice of agropastoral activities, and consequently favors siltation and contamination of water bodies when devoid of vegetation cover and conservation practices. The classification by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 that deals with water quality, demonstrated high environmental degradation resulting from the agricultural activities of the basin, and 10 out of 15 variables analyzed fall into classes III and IV. Multivariate analysis made it possible to group the set of initial variables with a new set of principal components and factors. Of the 10 points collected, 4 are more compromised, highlighting the agricultural interference and rainfall indices, given the high concentrations of heavy metals such as manganese and aluminum, and the parameters such as phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms and waste transportation. The sediment classification showed that the copper, cadmium and nickel values exceeded those allowed by this resolution, whereas only cadmium in the soils presented significant alterations; However, the calculations of the Geoaccumulation Index and Contamination Factor show that all metals evaluated compromise the quality of sediments and soils in the basin. Thus, it's concluded that the advancement of agricultural activities without the use of preservation practices and the release of urban effluents in the watercourse provide risk to environmental quality and strong degradation of natural properties of waters, sediments and soils.
