DERICK MARTINS BORGES DE MOURA
Abstract:
The environmental and physiographic assessment of watersheds is of great relevance for the planning and management of water resources. Considering this premise, this study focused on the Santo Antônio river basin, which is the only water supplier for Iporá city (GO), demonstrating the importance of understanding the dynamics of water resources in that basin. The study aimed to demonstrate how physical characteristics, specifically related to climate elements and land use and land cover factors, influence the availability of water resources in the basin. For this, the physiographic and morphometric characterization, the evaluation of the average rainfall and during the research period (2015 and 2016), the monitoring of the flow of the Santo Antônio stream in the years 2015 and 2016 and the analysis of the catchment and supply system were made. SANEAGO water. In the work of physiographic characterization were used methods of description and mapping with the support of the theoretical framework, to better understand the physical aspects of the basin. Field incursions were also made to validate cartographic information, as well as to survey information that wasn't visualized on maps. Data analysis shows that in the basin there are five different lithological units, five soil types and predominant pasture land use. The geological diversity present in the basin contributed to the formation of a moving relief with high altimetric amplitude, because they are rocks with different ages and different resistances to weathering. In the morphometric analysis, twenty eight parameters were selected and applied to be analyzed in order to obtain information on the physical and hydrographic characteristics of the basin under study. For the work development, the parameters were acquired through geoprocessing and calculated using specific formulas. Data analysis showed that the basin is not prone to flooding, but has a high surface runoff capacity, due to the relief of the area being predominantly moved, with altimetric amplitude of 331 meters and good dissection. This characteristic of the basin provides the superficial runoff of the water, being harmful in the infiltration and water recharge of the water table. The average rainfall and during the research period, brought information of the intrinsic rainfall of the local climate, and the variations that occur during the years, being able to understand the amount of water entering the basin, correlating with the flow data of the creek. Flow measurement work was divided into nine field campaigns for flow measurements over two years. These measurements initially took place every three months, the first being in July/2015, the second in October/2015, the third in January/2016, the fourth in April/2016, and thereafter made monthly until September/2016. It can be seen in the monitoring period, that the month with the lowest flow was September/2016 and the month with the highest flow was January/2016. In the analysis of the collection and supply system, analyzes were made in the files made available by the management of SANEAGO of Iporá and analysis in the process and opinion issued by SECIMA. Analyzes show that the funding system is still satisfactory, but in the last two months of the drought period, that is September and October, there are irregularities in view of the granting requirements. The results show that investments will be necessary in the catchment system to maintain the flow of the Santo Antônio stream normalized downstream of the catchment point.
