MAINARA DA COSTA BENINCÁ
Abstract:
The peasant has a relation of intimacy with their environment, and sees it as their way of living, working and having fun, a place of symbiotic changes and use of inherited knowledge. In their productive activities conceives the nature in order to maintain the respect for it and establish the balance, as long as they can preserve the way they live. But, throughout the history of the country, peasantry has been dispossessed from its lands. With the Brazilian Agrarian Reform politics, a little part of this peasantry (re)creates their ways of life and work in the rural settlements. In this paper we analyze the perception of nature and peasants at Santa Rita settlement (Jataí – GO municipality) and Três Pontes (Perolândia – GO municipality), from their productive organization. For that we sought to understand the process of peasantry territoralization and (re)creation through the Agrarian Reform politics, in both settlements, to identify the uses of nature for productive activities and analyze, through mental maps, the perception the peasant himself has of the nature and the use made of it. Among the methodological procedures, we used the bibliographical research, in order to obtain the theoretical basis, qualitative and quantitative data collection, through participative observation IN semi structured interviews with thirty percent of the families from each settlement, and the analysis of the mental maps produced by the peasants. It was noticed that the settlements differed one from the other, mainly when it referred to food autonomy and sovereignty. Santa Rita settlement is in a more favorable situation; there the peasants maintain a diversity of income and use of their land more sustainably. At Três Pontes, even though the settled peasants showing higher income, they constrain to the production of soy and corn beans, which compromises its food autonomy and sovereignty. It makes necessary a peasant recreation based on control and autonomy of its territory, based on the adoption of public politics that strengthen this working class, in the sense of giving economic, social and environmental conditions for their maintenance in the land.
